比特币是什么？｜Web3 入门 · Web3Origin 链上学习学院

比特币是什么？What is Bitcoin?

⏱ 6 分钟6 min

学习目标：学完你能说清比特币是谁在什么时候搞出来的、它有什么特点、以及它和区块链的关系。Learning goal: after this lesson you'll be able to say who created Bitcoin and when, what its traits are, and how it relates to blockchain.

大白话In plain words比特币就是第一个跑在区块链上的电子现金，全世界共同记账、总量固定，谁也没法多印，有点像一种数字版的、发行量写死的稀缺硬币。Bitcoin is the first electronic cash to run on a blockchain — the whole world keeps the books together, the total supply is fixed, and no one can print more. It's a bit like a digital version of a scarce coin whose issuance is hard-coded.

比特币（Bitcoin，简称 BTC）是世界上第一个成功运行的加密货币，由化名中本聪（Satoshi Nakamoto）提出，网络在 2009 年正式启动。它也是区块链技术第一个大规模落地的应用。Bitcoin (BTC) is the world's first successfully running cryptocurrency, proposed by the pseudonymous Satoshi Nakamoto, with the network officially launching in 2009. It's also the first large-scale real-world application of blockchain technology.

它最出名的两个设定是：总量上限约 2100 万枚，写死在规则里，谁也无法多发；新区块大约每 10 分钟产生一个，通过全网算力竞争来记账，这个过程俗称挖矿。Its two most famous settings are: a total supply cap of about 21 million coins, hard-coded into the rules so no one can issue more; and a new block produced roughly every 10 minutes, with bookkeeping decided by network-wide computing-power competition — a process commonly called mining.

为什么很多人关注它：Why so many people pay attention to it:

去中心化发行：没有央行，靠代码和全网共识运行；Decentralized issuance: no central bank; it runs on code and network-wide consensus;
总量有限：不能无限增发，具备稀缺属性；Limited supply: it can't be minted infinitely, so it has a scarcity property;
全球流通：只要有网，理论上可以点对点转给任何人。Global circulation: as long as there's internet, it can in theory be sent peer-to-peer to anyone.

要提醒的是：比特币价格波动很大，本课只讲它是什么、怎么运作，不构成任何投资建议。要不要参与、风险几何，请你自己充分研究后决定（DYOR）。A caveat: Bitcoin's price is highly volatile. This lesson only covers what it is and how it works, and is not investment advice of any kind. Whether to take part and how much risk to bear is for you to decide after thorough research of your own (DYOR).

案例Example中本聪在 2009 年挖出第一个区块（业内叫创世区块），并在里面留下了一句关于当时银行救助的报纸标题，被看作是对传统金融体系的一句注解。今天任何人都能在区块浏览器上查到这个最早的区块记录。In 2009 Satoshi Nakamoto mined the first block (known in the field as the genesis block) and left inside it a newspaper headline about a bank bailout of the time, seen as a comment on the traditional financial system. Today anyone can look up this earliest block record on a block explorer.

配套工具（点开在主站打开）：Related tools (open on the main site):

📝 本节测验📝 Quiz

❓ 常见问题❓ FAQ

比特币和区块链是一回事吗？Are Bitcoin and blockchain the same thing?

不是。区块链是底层技术，好比公路；比特币是跑在这条公路上的第一辆车，也就是区块链最早的成功应用。后来还有很多别的项目也用了区块链技术。No. Blockchain is the underlying technology, like a road; Bitcoin is the first car to run on that road — the earliest successful application of blockchain. Many other projects later used blockchain technology too.

比特币会不会被多印出来？Could more Bitcoin be printed?

按照当前网络规则不会。总量上限约 2100 万枚写在代码和全网共识里，任何单方都无法擅自增发，这是它区别于法币的核心设定之一。Under the current network rules, no. The total cap of about 21 million coins is written into the code and network-wide consensus, and no single party can issue more on its own — one of the core settings that sets it apart from fiat currency.

现在还能挖比特币吗？Can you still mine Bitcoin now?

技术上可以，但如今挖矿需要专业设备和大量电力，个人用普通电脑几乎挖不到。了解概念即可，是否投入请自己充分评估成本与风险。Technically yes, but mining today needs specialized equipment and huge amounts of electricity, so an individual using an ordinary computer has almost no chance. Understanding the concept is enough; whether to invest is for you to fully assess against the costs and risks.